What does the term 'refugee' refer to according to the Geneva Convention of 1951?

The term 'refugee' as defined by the Geneva Convention of 1951 refers specifically to a person who has a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country due to various factors, including race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. This definition highlights the condition of seeking asylum or safe haven from threats to one's safety and fundamental rights.

The Geneva Convention established the legal framework for the protection of refugees, ensuring that they are granted the right to seek asylum and that their rights must be upheld in the host country. This context is critical in distinguishing refugees from other categories of migrants, as it underscores the life-threatening situations that prompt individuals to flee their countries.