What defines a self-conscious ethnic group?

A self-conscious ethnic group is defined primarily by shared ancestry and a distinct cultural identity, often with aspirations for statehood or greater autonomy. This definition emphasizes the importance of common heritage, traditions, and values that bind the members of the group together. These elements foster a sense of unity and collective purpose, which distinguishes them from other ethnic groups or the surrounding population.

The desire for statehood or autonomy is a significant factor as it indicates the group's awareness of its identity and the need for political recognition and representation. This can manifest in movements for independence or greater autonomy within existing states, as these groups seek to assert their rights and maintain their cultural practices and languages in a world where globalization may threaten these identities.

While political values and shared citizenship may contribute to a group's unified front, they do not inherently define an ethnic group. Similarly, modern lifestyles shaped by globalization or legal recognition by a nation-state may play roles in how an ethnic group interacts with the broader society but do not capture the essence of what it means to be a self-conscious ethnic group. The focus on ancestry and cultural identity with a goal for self-determination is a defining characteristic that underscores the group's collective identity.